Difference between revisions of "Package.el"

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{{Package
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they were skydivingthe lvinig man has open pack because he pulled his parachutethe dead man has closed pack because he forgot to open his parachute
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|name=package.el
 
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|description=Package Manager
 
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|author=Tom Tromey
 
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|maintainer=[[FSF]]
 
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|source=http://repo.or.cz/w/emacs.git/blob_plain/HEAD:/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el
 
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|in_emacs=24
 
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|Development status=active
 
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}}
 
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package.el is the built-in package manager in Emacs 24.
 
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== Install package.el on Emacs 23 ==
 
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<tt>package.el</tt> is bundled with Emacs 24, but it’s not bound to Emacs 24. Before it became part of Emacs it was an external package, known as ELPA (I guess that stood for Emacs Lisp Package Manager or something similar). So even if you’re an Emacs 23 user you can copy the latest version of <tt>package.el</tt> from [http://repo.or.cz/w/emacs.git/blob_plain/1a0a666f941c99882093d7bd08ced15033bc3f0c:/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el here] and enjoy it.
 
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== Configuration ==
 
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Put the following snippet of code near the beginning of your Emacs config, since you’ll definitely want packages installed via <tt>package.el</tt> to be initalized ''before'' you start tweaking them.
 
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<source lang="lisp">
 
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(require 'package)
 
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(package-initialize)
 
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</source>
 
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== How it works ==
 
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What <tt>package.el</tt> basically does is that it connects to a list of package repositories, retrieves the list of the packages there, presents it to you in a interactive fashion and lets you install the packages you like (of course you can also remove the ones you don’t like). <tt>package.el</tt> understands the dependencies between packages and if one package requires others to run they will be installed automatically (which is really neat).
 
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The magic starts with the command {{Command|package-list-packages}}. At this point you should see something in the lines of this.
 
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You can navigate the list of packages, mark the ones you want to install with the “i” key or the ones you want removed with the “d” key and when you’re done you can press the “x” key to execute the scheduled actions.
 
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Initially <tt>package.el</tt> didn’t provide the option to update a package, but that should be fixed in recent Emacs builds. According to this [http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2011-09/msg00371.html thread] you can even update all of the installed packages by using the “U” key in the packages list view (I guess that a small “u” would update only one package). Unfortunately my build is lacking those capabilities so I cannot comment of their usability.
 
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== How to add additional repository ==
 
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You’d probably notice that your list of available packages is not particularly long. That’s because the official Emacs 24 package repository has a strict licensing (and source code) requirements to include a package there. Luckily there are a number of community-maintained <tt>package.el</tt> repos around with much more relaxed requirements. Probably the most popular of them is [http://marmalade-repo.org/ Marmalade], created by [http://nex-3.com/ Nathan Weizenbaum] of Sass and Haml fame. You can include it in your <tt>package-archives</tt> list like this:
 
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<source lang="lisp">
 
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(add-to-list 'package-archives '("marmalade" . "http://marmalade-repo.org/packages/"))
 
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</source>
 
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Marmalade provides a web based UI for package upload and search (both quite buggy unfortunately) and the ability to share the maintenance of a package between several people, who’ll be able to upload new version of the package. There’s also a Emacs Lisp Marmalade tool, that allows you to submit packages directly from Emacs.
 
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== How to use it with a custom build ==
 
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Using the <tt>package.el</tt> UI is ok if you’re a casual Emacs user, but what if you have a custom Emacs configuration, stored under version control, that you’d like to instantly deploy on any OS/machine (like Emacs Prelude). Here in play comes <tt>package.el</tt>’s programmer interface. In [https://github.com/bbatsov/emacs-prelude Emacs Prelude] I use the following code to install a list of required packages automatically on Emacs startup (if necessary):
 
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<source lang="lisp">
 
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;; Comment out if you've already loaded this package...
 
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(require 'cl)
 
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(defvar my-packages
 
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  '(ack-and-a-half auctex clojure-mode coffee-mode deft expand-region
 
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                  gist groovy-mode haml-mode haskell-mode inf-ruby
 
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                  magit magithub markdown-mode paredit projectile python
 
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                  sass-mode rainbow-mode scss-mode solarized-theme
 
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                  volatile-highlights yaml-mode yari zenburn-theme)
 
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  "A list of packages to ensure are installed at launch.")
 
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(defun my-packages-installed-p ()
 
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  (loop for p in prelude-packages
 
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        when (not (package-installed-p p)) do (return nil)
 
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        finally (return t)))
 
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(unless (my-packages-installed-p)
 
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  ;; check for new packages (package versions)
 
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  (package-refresh-contents)
 
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  ;; install the missing packages
 
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  (dolist (p prelude-packages)
 
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    (when (not (package-installed-p p))
 
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      (package-install p))))
 
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</source>
 
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This code check if all of the packages in the list are installed and if any of them are not installed if refreshes the local package database (in the case a required package for recently added to the remote repo) and installs them.
 
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== How to publish it to Marmalade ==
 
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To be able to publish a package to Marmalade (or another repo) it should comform a standardized structure. A single-file package might look like this:
 
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<source lang="lisp">
 
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;;; sass-mode.el --- Sass major mode
 
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;; Copyright 2007-2010 Nathan Weizenbaum
 
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;; Author: Nathan Weizenbaum <nex342@gmail.com>
 
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;; URL: http://github.com/nex3/sass-mode
 
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;; Version: 3.0.20
 
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;; Package-Requires: ((haml-mode "3.0.20"))
 
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;; Code goes here
 
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;;; sass-mode.el ends here
 
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</source>
 
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A multi-file package should have an additional file named
 
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`<name>-pkg.el` that should look like this:
 
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<source lang="lisp">
 
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(define-package "sass-mode" "3.0.20"
 
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                "Sass major mode"
 
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                '((haml-mode "3.0.20")))
 
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</source>
 
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== package.el Repositories ==
 
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* [[ELPA]]
 
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* [[MELPA]]
 
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* [[Marmalade]]
 
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== External links ==
 
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* [http://batsov.com/articles/2012/02/19/package-management-in-emacs-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/ Package Management in Emacs]
 
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[[Category:Package Manager]][[Category:Built-in Package]]
 

Revision as of 10:08, 22 June 2012

they were skydivingthe lvinig man has open pack because he pulled his parachutethe dead man has closed pack because he forgot to open his parachute

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