Evil
Evil is an extensible vi layer for Emacs. It provides Vim features like Visual selection and text objects, and is the successor to the now defunct vimpulse and vim-mode.
Installation
Evil comes prebuilt in emacs24. In Emacs23, Evil can be downloaded and installed using el-get with: M-x el-get-install RET evil RET.
Manual install
Alternatively, Evil lives in a Git repository. To download Evil, do:
git clone git://gitorious.org/evil/evil.git
If you don't have Git, just head over to Gitorious and click the "Download master as tar.gz" link (extract with tar -xzf master.tar.gz).
If you installed it manually, move Evil to ~/.emacs.d/evil (or somewhere else in your load-path). In any case, add the following lines to ~/.emacs:
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/evil") ;;no need with 24 (require 'evil) (evil-mode 1)
Evil requires UndoTree in the load-path for linear undo and undo branches. Otherwise, Evil uses regular Emacs undo.
Documentation
A brief PDF manual is available in the /doc subdirectory.
Usage
For those not familiar with vim, here's a quick summary of useful commands.
Tip:: to see a full list of commands available in the current mode, install help-fns+ with ELPA, require it (see its doc). Now you can type C-h M-k.
To enter insert state: try out i a o and the upper-case ones;
To delete chars, words and lines use x, the usual d followed by a word or a movement ($ is end of line, ^ the beginning), dd and D, or replace an object with c ;
Copy and paste: y Y p P ;
To navigate around the buffer, in normal mode, use e E w W b B t T f F ( ) { } and j k h l - + <RET> <backspace> <space>; Go to beginning and end of buffer with gg and G;
Cycle between cursor position: double backquotes, C-i and C-o;
To navigate around the screen, use H L M to go to the Highest/Lowest/Middle line of the screen;
Search forward and backward with / and ?, use n and N to go to the next and previous occurence;
Go to the next or previous occurence of token under point with * or # ;
Select a region with v or V and re-select the last region selected with gv ;
Go to the definition of the symbol under point with gd ;
Indent the line or region with < and > ;
Some more:
Join lines with J
Set a mark with m<char>, go to a mark with backquote + <char>
Code folding with za (toggle), zc (close), zm and zr (close and open all)
Move the current line at the center, bottom and top of screen: zz, zb and zt (C-l with emacs)
Configuration
One thing I would recommend to any ex vimmer is to make escape to quit actually pretty much anything (like pending prompts in the minibuffer):
;;; esc quits (define-key evil-normal-state-map [escape] 'keyboard-quit) (define-key evil-visual-state-map [escape] 'keyboard-quit) (define-key minibuffer-local-map [escape] 'minibuffer-keyboard-quit) (define-key minibuffer-local-ns-map [escape] 'minibuffer-keyboard-quit) (define-key minibuffer-local-completion-map [escape] 'minibuffer-keyboard-quit) (define-key minibuffer-local-must-match-map [escape] 'minibuffer-keyboard-quit) (define-key minibuffer-local-isearch-map [escape] 'minibuffer-keyboard-quit)
The following makes you lose vim commands, but gives you back basic emacs commands, like C-y to paste in insert mode or C-r to search backward:
(define-key evil-normal-state-map "\C-y" 'yank) (define-key evil-insert-state-map "\C-y" 'yank) (define-key evil-visual-state-map "\C-y" 'yank) (define-key evil-insert-state-map "\C-e" 'end-of-line) (define-key evil-normal-state-map "\C-w" 'evil-delete) (define-key evil-insert-state-map "\C-w" 'evil-delete) (define-key evil-insert-state-map "\C-r" 'search-backward) (define-key evil-visual-state-map "\C-w" 'evil-delete)
Use fine grain undo
In insert mode, Evil uses linear undo. If you want fine grain undo:
(setq evil-want-fine-undo t)
but remember, we shouldn't stay long in insert mode.
Use keychords to go back to normal mode
If you'd like to type jj or jk in insert mode to go back to normal mode, you may use key-chord:
(key-chord-define evil-insert-state-map "jj" 'evil-normal-state)
Load config only when we call evil-mode
I still load evil with M-x, I didn't set (evil-mode 1), so in order to tweak keybindings I had to enclose them in a hook, so that my config is called when evil is called and not at startup:
(add-hook 'evil-after-load-hook
(lambda ()
;; config
))
Hooks
There are some hooks that allow to do things when we enter or exit a mode (see the pdf manual).
For example, to save the buffer when we exit the insert mode:
(defun my-save-if-bufferfilename ()
(if (buffer-file-name)
(progn
(save-buffer)
)
(message "no file is associated to this buffer: do nothing")
)
)
(add-hook 'evil-insert-state-exit-hook 'my-save-if-bufferfilename)
Enter an emacs mode in a given state
There are some situations where you don't want to be in normal mode by default. For example, it's more useful to be in insert mode when we enter a magit commit buffer, or maybe you prefer to be in emacs mode in a dired buffer.
For that purpose, evil provides the evil-set-initial-state command (see part 2.2 of the pdf documentation) that we can use like that:
(evil-set-initial-state 'git-commit-mode 'insert) ;; enter insert mode to edit a commit message
Here is a handy loop to define more at once:
(loop for (mode . state) in '((inferior-emacs-lisp-mode . emacs)
(nrepl-mode . insert)
(pylookup-mode . emacs)
(comint-mode . normal)
(shell-mode . insert)
(git-commit-mode . insert)
(git-rebase-mode . emacs)
(term-mode . emacs)
(help-mode . emacs)
(helm-grep-mode . emacs)
(grep-mode . emacs)
(bc-menu-mode . emacs)
(magit-branch-manager-mode . emacs)
(rdictcc-buffer-mode . emacs)
(dired-mode . emacs)
(wdired-mode . normal))
do (evil-set-initial-state mode state))
See also
Articles
Plug-ins
- ace-jump: Port of Vim's Easy-motion: jump to any character in the buffer with 3 keystrokes.
- evil-surround: Port of Vim's surround script.
- evil-numbers: Vim-like increment and decrement.
- evil-leader: Port of Vim's mapleader.
Bug tracker
The bugtrucker can be found on Bitbucket.