Folding
Folding is a way to hide and show text in an emacs buffer, i.e. to do code folding. For example, we can do the same thing than with org-mode but with source code.
You may look at the differences between narrowing and hiding text in Emacs : http://wikemacs.org/index.php/Emacs_Terminology#Narrow_and_widen
Outline-minor-mode
outline is a built in mode to cycle visibility and edit the code structure. You should check it out !
Evil users
evil-mode users have pre-defined keys: use za to toggle visibility, zc (close), zm (close all), zr (open all). They are an interface to other folding packages, most notably hideshow. The value of the variable evil-fold-list determines which backend is used for which major or minor modes, and what functions are available for those backends.
You might also like vimish-fold: it works with regions, it is persistent, it has mouse support, avy support, …
