Dired
Dired is a inbuilt File Manager for Emacs. Its arguably the best file manager with the functionality it possesses. Unlike any other file mangers the directory listing is just as an another buffer of Emacs with dired-mode as Major Mode.
| Description | File Manager for Emacs. |
|---|---|
| Author | Sebastian Kremer |
| Maintainer | FSF |
| Source | http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs.git/tree/lisp/dired.el |
| Part of Emacs | yes |
Usage
Dired has countless functionality. The best way to learn it is to try it out. Open a dired buffer and look at the commands listed in the menus.
- [C-x d] (or M-x dired)
- ask for a directory and puts you into a buffer with direct listing of that directory.
- [C-x C-j] (or M-x dired-jump)
- jump to a dired buffer corresponding to the current buffer (This require loading Dired Extra).
In the minibuffer, while doing 'Find File':
- [C-d]
- jump to a dired buffer corresponding to the directory in the minibuffer.
Basic commands
- [ RET]
- Open the file/Directory. You can use a to open the directory without creating another buffer.
- [ q]
- Close the dir
- [ i]
- i: open directory in subtree. Use ^ to go up one level. With a prefix argument (C-u i), you can edit the ls switches used for the listing. So you can add R to expand the whole tree starting at this subdirectory.
- [C]
- Copy file
If you set (setq dired-dwim-target t), split your window and open another dired buffer on the other window, Dired will suggest it as the default target directory for the copy and rename commands.
- [R]
- Rename file
- [D]
- Delete file
- [+]
- create a new dir
Mark/unmark files
[m]
- mark a file
[u]
- unmark a file
[U]
- unmark all marked
[%m]
- mark by pattern
Edit filenames and permissions
Wdired mode (writable dired) allows you to enter a mode where you can edit filenames, symbolic link target and filenames permissions as you would in a regular buffer. It is particularly great to do some editing based on search and replace.
[C-x C-q]
- enter wdired mode (calls wdired-change-to-wdired-mode). Type C-c C-c to validate your changes or C-c ESC to abort.
M-x customize-group RET wdired to customize wdired behavior.
Note: in Dired, you can rename a single file or move the marked ones with R.
Sort files
By default, typing s will toggle sorting by date. You can change the listing switches (of GNU ls) with C-u s.
You can customize the variable dired-listing-switches. For example,
(setq dired-listing-switches "-aBhl --group-directories-first")
will display directories first. You can then customize per-directory local variables.
Dired+ (see below) offers more options (sort by size, by extension,…) and will add a menu entry.
Find files recursively
find-name-dired
With M-x find-name-dired, you'll be asked for the base directory, a file wildcard and the matching files will be displayed in a Dired buffer. It uses the find GNU utility.
Similar commands are find-grep-dired or find-dired. More information can be read in the documentation.
Interactive selection with Projectile
Projectile, coupled with M-x helm-projectile, lets you find recursively and interactively files in your project. This command does not use a Dired buffer.
View image thumbnails
Viewing images is a builtin feature of Dired (press Enter or v on an image file). On Emacs24.4, pressing n and p will show the next or previous image file. But if you want to navigate between image thumbnails, use the (builtin too) image-dired. You can directly call it with M-x image-dired, or mark the images you want to look at in the dired buffer (with m) and then type C-t d (image-dired-display-thumbs).
Tag images
More advanced features include image tags, which are metadata used to categorize image files. The tags are stored in a plain text file configured by image-dired-db-file.
To tag image files, mark them in the dired buffer and type C-t t (image-dired-tag-files). This reads the tag name in the minibuffer.
To mark files having a certain tag, type C-t f (image-dired-mark-tagged-files). After marking image files with a certain tag, you can use C-t d to view them.
You can also tag a file directly from the thumbnail buffer by typing t t and you can remove a tag by typing t r.
There is also a special “tag” called “comment” for each file (it is not a tag in the exact same sense as the other tags, it is handled slightly different). That is used to enter a comment or description about the image. You comment a file from the thumbnail buffer by typing c. You will be prompted for a comment. Type C-t c to add a comment from Dired (image-dired-dired-comment-files).
Rotate images
Image-Dired also provides simple image manipulation. In the thumbnail buffer, type L to rotate the original image 90 degrees anti clockwise, and R to rotate it 90 degrees clockwise. This rotation is lossless, and uses an external utility called JpegTRAN.